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| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 263,310 | 218,945 | 195,610 | 182,344 |
| Net income | 20,526 | 21,384 | 15,758 | 13,127 |
| Gross margin | 30.8% | 28.5% | 28.4% | 28.4% |
| Operating margin | 18.9% | 14.1% | 12.3% | 10.9% |
| Net margin | 7.8% | 9.8% | 8.1% | 7.2% |
| EPS | 7.85 | 8.67 | 6.69 | 5.78 |
| Free cash flow | 31,677 | 22,957 | 15,945 | 10,390 |
| Net debt | 15,440 | 14,442 | 18,893 | 32,907 |
| P/E | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 11.3 |
A what-if tool for a 5–10 year investor, not an answer: change the assumptions and see what they do.
⚠️ CAPM gave a rate outside 6–15% — clamped; check beta and set the rate yourself.
| rate 5.0% | rate 6.0% | rate 7.0% | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bear · growth -10.0% | 134.59 | 98.92 | 79.01 |
| Base · growth -5.0% | 188.15 | 136.49 | 107.71 |
| Bull · growth 0.0% | 260.74 | 187.11 | 146.18 |
FCF to shareholders 16,431 mln USD (operating cash flow − capex, after interest), shares 2,202 mln. Discounted at the shareholder rate, so debt is not subtracted again (assumes stable debt). 5 years of growth, 5 of slowdown, then perpetual growth. Sensitive to assumptions — see the table.